原标题：德国自救：拟为能源企业提供670亿欧元贷款担保 争取今年内实行电价上限不止是整个欧盟，欧洲最大经济体德国自身也在设法为摆脱能源危机自救。当地时间13日周二，媒体援引知情人士消息称，德国政府料将在本周三的例行内阁会议上批准一项计划，它旨在帮助因俄罗斯切断供应而被迫负担更高成本的能源企业。

B |     BARCELONA, Spain -- Barcelona accountant Oriol Calvo ran afoul of the law when he was arrested in 2019 during a mass protest by supporters of Catalonia's independence from Spain that turned violent. A court found him guilty of public disorder and of aggressive behavior toward a police officer — offenses he denies. The 25-year-old is among several thousand ordinary citizens who faced legal trouble for their often tiny part in Catalonia’s illegal secession bid that brought Spain to the brink of rupture six years ago.Now Calvo hopes his conviction and those of many others will be wiped clean if Spain’s acting prime minister, Pedro Sánchez, follows through and issues a sweeping amnesty for the separatists in exchange for their movement's political parties helping him form a new government in Madrid.Calvo's sentence of 18 months was suspended since it was his first offense, but it is still a stain on his record and has affected his willingness to participate in politics. He has stopped going to rallies for independence for fears that it could complicate his legal situation. He also felt betrayed.“I became very bitter,” Calvo said. “I felt betrayed by the justice system, but also I thought about all the efforts that the movement had made in the fight to achieve independence that had gotten us nowhere.”Sánchez, who has granted pardons to several leaders of the movement in the past, says that the amnesty will be positive for Spain because it will further reduce tensions inside Catalonia. Yet no one doubts that he is doing it only out of political necessity given how divisive the Catalan independence movement is both inside Catalonia and the rest of Spain.A national election in July left no party close to an absolute majority and with Sánchez in need of the support of several smaller parties to stay in power. Those include two pro-secession Catalan parties who led the unsuccessful 2017 breakaway attempt and who now find themselves holding the key votes in Parliament that Sánchez requires. Given the chance to play kingmaker, the two separatist parties are using their leverage. They have made an amnesty law as a prerequisite for supporting Sánchez.The clock is already ticking. Sánchez has until Nov. 27 to form a government, otherwise new elections will be triggered for January.Sánchez and his center-left Socialist party have tried to keep as quiet as possible on the amnesty question, but the leader has acknowledged that talks are on-going with the Catalan parties, including one led by the fugitive former regional leader of Catalonia, Carles Puigdemont, who fled Spain for Belgium after his dream to carve out a new state in northeast Spain collapsed.Spain’s courts are still trying to have Puigdemont extradited. Given that Puigdemont is considered an enemy of the state for many Spaniards, any deal that could benefit him is politically toxic.Tens of thousands of people rallied in downtown Barcelona on Oct. 8 against a possible amnesty in a sign of the danger that Sánchez runs.An amnesty "would be shameful because Spain can’t be governed by people who want to split from the country,” said 23-year-old Pablo Seco, an aeronautical engineer who attended the rally.For Montserrat Nebrera, professor of constitutional law at the International University of Catalonia, the negotiations between Sánchez and the separatist leaders are a “hall of mirrors” wherein both sides try to appear that they have the upper hand, when in reality they need one another.“Pedro Sánchez needs the amnesty law to pass so he can get the four votes he is lacking,” Nebrera told the AP. “The secessionists, however, also need to show their people that they are not only interested in saving the necks of their leaders ... but also of the people who disobeyed authorities or damaged public property and whose punishments, while not huge, have greatly complicated their lives.”Spain’s conservative party, which lost a bid to form a government last month, is already bashing Sánchez for what it describes as selling Spain out to stay in power. Former Socialist prime minister Felipe González has also said that the amnesty is not merited.Spain granted a sweeping amnesty during its transition back to democracy following the death of dictator Francisco Franco in 1975. But legal experts are divided over the constitutionality of an amnesty for the Catalan separatists.The pro-independence Catalan organization Omnium Cultural says that an amnesty should benefit some 4,400 more people, mostly minor officials and ordinary citizens who either helped to organize an illegal 2017 referendum or participated, like Calvo, in protests that turned ugly.But Omnium and the two Catalan separatist parties say they want much more than just a clean slate for people in trouble with the law: they want the terms of the amnesty to establish a legal pretext for Catalonia eventually holding a binding, authorized referendum on independence.“For us, the amnesty is not the solution to the conflict, it is the starting point from which the conflict can begin to be resolved,” said Xavier Antich, president of Omnium Cultural.That going-for-broke position, however, may run the risk of wrecking the whole operation, as well as leaving people like Calvo in the lurch.“They have already tried to have a referendum authorized and it has not worked,” Calvo said. “So I believe that trying to force something that we know isn’t going to happen is useless and could derail the amnesty talks.”___Videojournalist Hernán Muñoz contributed to this report.。知情者还称，根据该计划，德国政府将利用一只基金，给陷入困境的能源公司也提供贷款担保，该基金本是为帮助因疫情遭受经济打击的企业而设立。德国的国家开发银行KfW将监督这一帮助能源企业的该机制，该基金可用的贷款担保额约为 670 亿欧元（约合679 亿美元）。同在周二，德国总理朔尔茨公开表示，德国将迅速实施电价上限。政府“正以极快的速度推动这项工作，这样我们就可以减轻消费者和企业在电价方面的负担。”政府还在研究降低取暖费用和天然气价格的方式。德国经济部长兼副总理哈贝克在和朔尔茨出席同一活动时表示，本届政府的目标是，在今年底以前，让推行电价上限成为立法。

C | 朔尔茨还在讲话中安抚德国工业企业，称政府将竭尽所能解决一切流动性问题。政府已经扩大并延长了对最受影响企业的保护范围，采取措施包括低息的KfW贷款、担保计划，以及帮助能源密集型企业。也是在周二，德国研究机构欧洲研究中心（ZEW）公布的9月ZEW经济景气指数从8月的-55.3进一步降至-61.9，创2008年10月以来新低。这一体现投资者对德国经济信心的指标比经济学家预期的-59.5还低，体现了高通胀、高取暖和能源成本对信心的打击。欧盟酝酿能源干预方案 拟对低成本电价设定180欧元上限 整体用电量减少10% 媒体指出，今年4月，德国出台了一项金融救助方案，部分用于帮助抵押品要求过高的能源企业，上述贷款担保计划并不属于该方案范畴。是德国政府新增的扶持手段。上周能源巨头挪威国家石油公司（Equinor）估算，欧洲的能源交易面临至少1.5万亿美元保证金要求，凸显能源危机下能源交易极度紧张、企业越来越无力承担日益增加的保证金要求。欧盟正在研究采取紧急行动给予相关支持。华尔街见闻本周一提到，媒体称，欧盟本周将提出的能源干预的重磅方案，内容包括设定削减电力需求的目标、对能源企业征临时的超额利润税、对通过天然气以外能源发电的企业设超额收入上限，有争议的限制进口俄罗斯天然气价格问题推迟再议。缓和能源市场因追缴保证金而流动性紧张的问题上周得到了欧盟内部的普遍支持，现在这个问题已经单独研究，不再混入方案内讨论。本周二又有媒体称，欧盟委员会在考虑将可再生能源和核能公司的发电收入上限设定在180欧元/每兆瓦时，还计划提议对石油、天然气、煤炭和精炼行业企业的超额利润征收至少33%的暂时性税费。

D | 在用电量方面，媒体称，欧盟委员会目前计划将整体用电量减少10%，同时设定在特定高峰时段将需求降低5%的强制性目标。最终数字需得到欧盟委员会的批准，然后需要各国政府批准。委员会还就能源交易抵押品事宜与银行业监管机构进行磋商，力图限制能源市场过度波动。华尔街见闻文章指出，相比此前泄露的草案金额，最新的非天然气发电收入上限有所下降，总用电削减目标则基本一致。返回搜狐，查看更多责任编辑：