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The Color of Death: Legacy of Agent Orange Still Plagues Vietnam After Decades of Peace_我的网站

我和僵尸有个约会3

一 |

　阿里云优惠券先领券再下单在电商购物的年度盛事中，618购物节一直是消费者们不容错过的囤货好时机。 On August 10, 1961, American forces for the first time spayed Agent Orange in Vietnam as part of its herbicidal warfare program, Operation Ranch Hand.,Here’s a closer look into this highly toxic defoliant chemical, the use of which by the US military during the 1955-1975 Vietnam War resulted in up to one million people being disabled, according to the Red Cross of Vietnam’s estimates.,What is Agent Orange?,The defoliant derived its name from the color of the orange-striped US gallon barrels in which the chemical was shipped and stored.,It was created in 1940 and used in the United States as an agricultural defoliant, as it had the ability to kill some plants while leaving others unaffected.,Using the Defense Production Act of 1950, the US government prodded several American companies to make Agent Orange for military use. A 50:50 mixture of the herbicides 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D, the defoliant contains an extremely toxic dioxin compound.,Effects of Agent Orange,A 50:50 mixture of the 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, Agent Orange contains the Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, or TCDD, the most toxic of the dioxins, classified as a human carcinogen by the US Environmental Protection Agency.,Even short-term exposure to TCDD can cause cancer, liver problems and a severe acne-like skin disease, known as chloracne. The dioxin is also linked to type 2 diabetes, immune system dysfunction, nerve disorders, muscular dysfunction, hormone disruption and heart disease.,Additionally, the chemical can cause miscarriages, spina bifida and other problems with fetal brain and nervous system development.,Use of Agent Orange in Vietnam,During the 1955-1975 Vietnam war, the first US defoliation missions were launched near the Vietnamese village of Dak To in 1961.,The goal was to remove cover and concealment used by the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese Army, so as to reveal hidden bases, communications centers and potential targets, and to improve visibility in tracking troop movements.,More than 13 million gallons (about 59 million liters) of Agent Orange was used by the US military in Vietnam, or almost two-thirds of the total amount of herbicides used during the entire Vietnam War.,The chemical was available in slightly different mixtures, sometimes referred to as Agent Orange I, Agent Orange II, Agent Orange III and “Super Orange”.,End of Agent Orange?,In 1969, the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) urged the Pentagon to end its use of herbicides containing dioxin, specifically Agent Orange, something that the Department of Defense (DoD) eventually did.,Even so, the defoliation campaign continued, with the US military switching to Agent White, a chemical herbicide that did not contain the dioxin contaminant.,In May 1970, the US Air Force (USAF) flew its last defoliation mission, and almost a year later, the DoD announced that all crop destruction missions would also cease.,The remaining 2.22 million gallons of Agent Orange were moved by the USAF to Johnston Island Atoll in the South Pacific, where they were incinerated.,Legacy,The Vietnamese government said that up to four million people in the country were exposed to Agent Orange, and as many as three million people had suffered illness because of the defoliant.,The Vietnam Red Cross in turn pointed out that the defoliant had affected at least 150,000 children, and that babies in Vietnam are still being born with birth defects due to Agent Orange. In this regard, numerous studies revealed that dioxin levels are still in place in the blood samples of the citizens of both North and South Vietnam.,The chemical also caused immense environmental damage in Vietnam, with more than 3,100,000 hectares (31,000 km2) of forest being defoliated ( for comparison's sake, Taiwan measures 36,197 km2).,Opinion & AnalysisAnniversary of Agent Orange Disaster: Only United Can We Relieve the Suffering of Many Generations10:21 GMT,Agent Orange-related issues also emerged in the US after an increasing number of returning Vietnam veterans and their families began to report a range of health problems, including skin irritations, miscarriages, psychological symptoms, type 2 diabetes, birth defects in children and cancers such as Hodgkin’s disease, prostate cancer and leukemia.,1979 saw a class action lawsuit filed on behalf of 2.4 million US veterans, who were exposed to Agent Orange during their service in Vietnam. In 1984, seven major US chemical companies that manufactured the defoliant agreed to pay $180 million in damages to the veterans or their next of kin.,Vietnam War,The 1955-1975 Vietnam War, which involved Laos and Cambodia, pitted communist North Vietnam and the Viet Cong revolutionary organization against South Vietnam, supported by Washington.,Preconditions for the war pertained to the desire of North Vietnam, which defeated the French colonial administration in 1954, to unify the entire country under a single communist authority, like in the Soviet Union or China. The South Vietnamese government, for its part, sought to preserve a Vietnam more closely aligned with the West.,The US was concerned over the spread of communism to South Vietnam and then to the rest of Asia, which prompted Washington to end money, supplies and military advisers to help the South Vietnamese government.,On August 2, 1964, North Vietnamese boats attacked a US Navy destroyer, the USS Maddox, patrolling in the Gulf of Tonkin near Vietnam, in what was used by the White House as a pretext to escalate the war and send American combat units to the South East Asian country. However, the US costs and casualties in the war prompted Washington to withdraw American troops by 1973, and a couple of years later, South Vietnam fell to a full-scale invasion by the North.,An array of war crimes was committed by the US military during the war, including the My Lai massacre, in which up to 504 unarmed South Vietnamese civilians, including women, children, and infants, were killed by US Army soldiers on March 16, 1968.,Another war crime pertains to Operation Speedy Express, conducted by the US Army in Vietnam’s Mekong Delta between December 1968 and May 1969 as part of the American military’s effort to pacify the Viet Cong. The operation led to 5,000 to 7,000 casualties who were reported to have been civilians.。每到这个时候，各大电商平台都会推出一系列诱人的优惠活动，而京东作为电商巨头之一，其618活动更是备受关注。2025年京东淘宝618究竟几号开始？活动期间真的能买到便宜好物吗？又有哪些令人心动的优惠政策呢？接下来，就和大家详细介绍下京东淘宝618优惠政策首先，划重点！今年京东的618最新口令红包是【福利666】，淘宝618最新口令【动动手指3323】要记住！京东APP搜索：福利666（每天领三天）淘宝APP搜索：动动手指3323 秘诀：先APP搜一下口令，以后每天点历史搜索记录就可以了！

一、活动时间节点 ✅ 开门红爆发期：5月30日20:00-6月3日24:00（今晚8点预售尾款支付+现货开抢！） ✅ 后续重点：6月17日晚8点终极狂欢，但开门红价格可能更低，部分商品价保618，建议今晚果断下手！二、今晚8点必抢优惠预售付尾款已付定金的用户，今晚8点准时付尾款，前N名可能享半价、赠品（如家电、美妆）。隐藏技巧：凑单满减后，部分商品可退定金外的商品，实现折上折（需看规则）。

二 | 现货直降数码家电：iPhone 15系列直降千元+12期免息；戴森吸尘器、索尼电视爆款5折。美妆护肤：雅诗兰黛小棕瓶买一送一；SK-II神仙水限量秒杀价。日用百货：纸巾、洗衣液等囤货价低至5折，叠加满299减50。超级补贴券领券中心：抢“199-100”“599-150”等品类券（家电、服饰等）。 PLUS会员：额外领5000-400、1200-50等大额券，部分商品95折叠加。红包雨+互动玩法晚8点登录京东APP，首页下拉领“福利666”（最高618元）。参与“击鼓赢红包”“拼手速秒杀”活动，抢免单机会。三、省钱核心技巧价格保护：价保至6月20日的商品可放心买，后续降价可申请补差。凑单满减：京东主会场每满299减50，跨店凑单更划算（例：买家电+日用品）。

三 | PLUS会员：开通或续费PLUS（有时99元/年），领专属券+返现10倍。以旧换新：手机、家电等叠加以旧换新补贴，至高再省1000元。四、爆款清单推荐品类推荐商品预估优惠价手机数码家电等产品京东搜索【手机002】【家电002】享国补优惠手机 iPhone 15 128G 4599元（直降1400）家电海尔冰箱501L 2499元（5折秒杀）美妆兰蔻菁纯面霜60ml 买一送一生活维达纸巾24包 59元（第二件0元）五、注意事项 ⚠ 库存预警：热门商品（如茅台、PS5）可能秒空，提前加购+准点刷新。 ⚠ 支付卡顿：晚8点高峰期，建议提前绑定快捷支付，避免优惠失效。

四 | 今晚8点，京东APP搜索“618开门红”直达主会场！ ???? 先领券、再凑单、抢付尾款，手慢无！（建议收藏本文，转发给亲友一起蹲点！） 3.国家补贴搜索“手机002”或“家电002”，购买手机可享受15%补贴，最高500元；一级能效家电补贴20%，最高2000元。并且支持“以旧换新+国补”双重抵扣，消费者可以用旧手机、旧家电抵扣一部分金额，再加上国家补贴，购买新设备更加划算。 4.百亿补贴苹果手机最高直降1500元，家电降幅达30%，母婴用品满999减300元券限量抢。

五 | 在百亿补贴频道，众多大牌商品都有大幅度降价，性价比极高。 5.PLUS会员特权 6月17日会员日当天，PLUS会员可领取“满6000减600”的超级券，购物返京豆比例提升至10倍，相当于实付金额5%返现。

六 | 新会员99元购卡还送50元无门槛券，对于经常在京东购物的消费者来说，开通PLUS会员非常划算。 2025年京东618活动时间长、优惠力度大、政策丰富。无论是购买数码产品、家电，还是美妆、母婴等各类商品，都能享受到实实在在的优惠。消费者只需提前了解活动时间和优惠政策，做好购物清单，在合适的时间下单，就能在京东618期间以实惠的价格买到心仪的商品。

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