战狼2

Real estate groups urged the Fed to stop rate hikes. Here’s why._我的网站

A |       8月17日，在中铁十四局承建的甬舟铁路金塘海底隧道宁波侧80米深处，我国首台盾构饱和带压进仓设备“深海空间站”在7.8巴水压下完成104把刀具检查、更换，创下我国盾构带压进仓最大压力纪录。  金塘海底隧道是甬舟铁路全线控制性工程，横跨宁波与舟山之间的金塘水道，全长16.18公里，海底盾构段11.21公里，是世界最长海底高铁隧道。    Major housing industry groups voiced "profound concern" in a letter this week urging the Federal Reserve to stop raising interest rates.The rare public admonishment from top business advocates -- including the National Association of Realtors and the National Association of Home Builders -- underscores a dramatic slowdown in the housing market due in large part to rising interest rates.The letter arrives roughly three weeks before the Fed plans to make its latest rate-hike decision.Mortgage rates have reached their highest level in more than two decades and they have continued to rise. Data released on Thursday showed that mortgage rates increased for the fifth consecutive week, according to Freddie Mac."The speed and magnitude of these [mortgage] rate increases, and resulting dislocation in our industry, is painful and unprecedented," the letter from the housing groups said.Here's what to know about why real estate groups called on the Fed to stop raising rates:

What's happening in the housing market?

Sky-high mortgage rates have dramatically slowed the housing market, since homebuyers have balked at stiff borrowing costs and home sellers have opted to stay on mortgages that lock them into relatively low rates.Mortgage applications have fallen to their lowest level since 1996, the Mortgage Brokers Association said earlier this month.Sales of previously owned homes, meanwhile, have plummeted more than 15% compared to a year ago, the National Association of Realtors found in August.The slowdown has coincided with a sharp rise in costs for potential homebuyers.The average interest rate for a 30-year fixed mortgage has climbed to nearly 7.6%, Freddie Mac data shows.When the Fed initiated the rise of bond yields with its first rate hike of the current series in March 2022, the average 30-year fixed mortgage stood at just 4.45%.Each percentage point increase in a mortgage rate can add thousands or tens of thousands in additional costs each year, depending on the price of the house, according to Rocket Mortgage.

What role is the Federal Reserve playing in the housing market slowdown?

An aggressive series of interest rate hikes at the Federal Reserve since last year has pushed up the 10-year Treasury yield, which loosely tracks with long-term mortgage rates.The Fed has fought elevated inflation with borrowing cost increases as it tries to slash price hikes by slowing the economy and choking off demand.While inflation has fallen significantly from a peak of about 9% last summer, price increases remain more than a percentage point higher than the Fed's inflation target.Price increases held steady in September, fresh data on Thursday showed, suggesting that elevated inflation remains resistant to the interest rate hikes.The persistence of elevated inflation has prompted the Fed to espouse a policy of holding interest rates at high levels for a prolonged period, which in turn has increased the 10-year Treasury yield and put upward pressure on mortgage rates.Moreover, the Fed expects to raise rates one more time this year, according to projections released last month.Speaking at a press conference in Washington, D.C., last month, Fed Chair Jerome Powell acknowledged the continued effect of interest rates on mortgages, noting that activity in the housing market "remains well below levels of a year ago, largely reflecting higher mortgage rates."

What do the housing industry groups want the Fed to do?

Housing industry advocates want the Fed to take swift actions that reassure investors and other market participants of an end to the policies cooling the industry.Most notably, the industry groups want the central bank to release a statement saying that it has abandoned consideration of additional rate hikes.In their letter to Fed officials, the housing groups cautioned that a further slowdown in real estate could help tip the U.S. economy into a recession, scuttling the central bank's effort to achieve a "soft landing.""We urge the Fed to take these simple steps to ensure that this sector does not precipitate the hard landing the Fed has tried so hard to avoid," the letter said.。“甬舟号”盾构机负责宁波侧4940米掘进任务，需穿越24次软硬交替地层，硬岩、软硬不均地层占比近七成，岩石最高强度达191兆帕。隧道最低点位于海平面下92米，极限水土压力高达8.5巴，尤其是压力超6巴的高水压区段长达2000米。  在这种地质条件下，“甬舟号”刀具磨损极快，掘进途中必须多次停机换刀。针对海底高压换刀难题，中铁十四局联合交通运输部上海打捞局历时3年，自主研发国产首台盾构饱和带压作业设备“深海空间站”。

B | 设备包含宁海（生活）舱、探海（穿梭）舱、镇海（控制）舱等全套自主化功能模块，最大设计作业深度100米。  “与其他带压作业方式需要经历循环往复的加压减压过程相比，饱和带压作业技术通过科学的气体配比，让作业人员一次性加压至与海底掌子面相同的高压环境后，体内惰性气体溶解达到饱和状态，能够长期驻留于宁海（生活）舱内。

C | ”中铁十四局甬舟铁路金塘海底隧道项目负责人胡浩介绍。  “深海空间站”此前已完成首次实战应用，9名作业人员在75米深海驻留22天，累计更换刀具46把。

D | 相较于首次作业，此次换刀难度全方位升级，环境深度达到80米。随着换刀作业的全面完成，全体作业人员已返回宁海（生活）舱，进入为期3天的梯度减压流程。  目前，“甬舟号”盾构机已掘进3936米，完成掘进任务的近八成。

E | 后续项目团队将系统总结施工数据，形成标准化安全管控体系，推动该技术规范化、可复制推广，为我国深埋跨海通道、深层地下空间开发储备自主核心技术。（记者夏凡 通讯员赵荣发）。

Current article:http://www.laojiusidaosenleliao.bond/list_raqg0/komkj.pptx

Published on:13:30:20