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6245万重罚背后：渤海银行风控防线为何失守？_我的网站

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    Illustration: Liu Rui/GT
China strongly deplores Japan's negative moves related to the Yasukuni war shrine, and has lodged serious protests against Japan, a Chinese Foreign Ministry (FM) spokesperson said in a statement on Saturday, in response to Japanese politicians paying respects to the Yasukuni war shrine, which honors Class-A war criminals, on the 81st anniversary of Japan's unconditional surrender in World War II.
On such a sensitive day, Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi sent a ritual offering to the notorious Yasukuni shrine, while Defense Minister Shinjiro Koizumi and several senior executives of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) visited in person, prompting Chinese experts to warn that Japan's increasingly brazen moves signal a dangerous shift toward neo-militarism.
Takaichi made a "tamagushi" ritual offering to the notorious shrine using her private funds in her capacity as LDP president, Japan's Kyodo News reported Saturday, citing LDP Secretary-General Shunichi Suzuki. Takaichi did not visit the shrine in person. Koizumi, however, visited the notorious shrine Saturday morning. Hitoshi Kikawada, a member of Takaichi's Cabinet, also visited the shrine.
Meanwhile, Suzuki, LDP General Council Chairperson Haruko Arimura and Election Strategy Committee Chairperson Yasutoshi Nishimura visited the shrine together on Saturday, according to Kyodo News and the Xinhua News Agency. 
Japan's Mainichi Shimbun on Saturday described the collective August 15 visit by senior LDP executives as "unusual."
Chinese media including state broadcaster CCTV reported that it marked the first collective visit to the shrine by senior LDP executives.
Yasukuni Shrine, located in central Tokyo's Chiyoda Ward, honors 14 convicted Japanese Class-A war criminals from World War II. It has long been a source of diplomatic friction between Japan and its neighbors. For a long time, visits and ritual offerings made by Japanese officials to the controversial shrine have consistently sparked criticism and opposition both at home and abroad, hurting the feelings of the people of China, South Korea, and other countries and regions victimized by Japan's wartime aggression, according to Xinhua.
An affront to historical justice
"No pretext whatsoever can hide the Japanese politicians' true intention which is to change the verdict on the war criminals, cover up Japan's war crimes, distort the historical facts, and pave the way for accelerating remilitarization. This is an affront to historical justice, a challenge to the foundational norms of civilization, and a provocation against the postwar international order. Such behaviors have been firmly rejected by the overwhelming majority of the international community," the Chinese FM spokesperson's statement said on Saturday.
This year marks the 80th anniversary of the opening of the Tokyo Trials. To view and treat history correctly is an important prerequisite for Japan's postwar return to the international community, the political foundation for Japan's ties with neighboring countries, and more importantly, a key measure for Japan's commitment to peaceful development, the statement noted.  
"We urge the Japanese side to do serious soul-searching on its history of aggression, make a clean break with militarism, and earn trust from its Asian neighbors and the rest of the world with concrete actions," the spokesperson said.
Lü Chao, an expert on East Asian studies and a professor at the Liaoning Academy of Social Sciences, told the Global Times on Saturday that attitudes toward the notorious Yasukuni shrine on this very day have long served as an important "touchstone" for the international community to judge whether Japanese political forces genuinely recognize the country's wartime aggression and responsibility. 
"What is particularly alarming this year is how openly these political signals are being sent," Lü said. "The combination of an offering by the prime minister, a visit by the sitting defense minister and a coordinated appearance by senior ruling-party executives means the issue can hardly be dismissed merely as individual acts of mourning."
Although Takaichi stayed away in person, Lü said the offering still clearly demonstrated her political attitude. "Not visiting personally does not fundamentally change the political nature of the gesture," Lü said, noting that diplomatic and domestic pressure may have affected the form Takaichi chose, but not necessarily her underlying position.
Particular attention required
"The collective actions of senior figures in the ruling party deserve particular attention," he said. "They raise the question of whether Japan's political establishment has truly developed a correct understanding of its aggression and wartime crimes."
Chinese military affairs expert Song Zhongping told the Global Times on Saturday that visits by Japanese conservative lawmakers and government officials to the notorious shrine are not new and should not be treated as an isolated development unique to the Takaichi administration.
Former prime minister Junichiro Koizumi repeatedly visited the shrine and went there as prime minister on August 15, 2006. Shinzo Abe visited as sitting prime minister in December 2013. Shinjiro Koizumi himself visited on August 15, 2025, when he was agriculture minister.  
"The important point is that this tendency has persisted within Japanese right-wing politics for decades," Song said. "What we are seeing now is not its sudden emergence, but its increasingly overt expression." 
Song further noted that the political significance of Koizumi's visit is amplified by his current position as defense minister. "A defense minister's understanding of wartime history cannot simply be regarded as a private attitude," he said. "It inevitably leads people to ask what kind of direction Japan's defense policy and Self-Defense Forces may take."
Such concern comes as the Takaichi government pushes to strengthen Japan's military capabilities and pursue constitutional revision.
Song stressed that Japan has already expanded defense spending, developed so-called counterstrike capabilities and eased restrictions on defense equipment transfers under the existing Constitution, meaning constitutional revision should not inaccurately be portrayed as a legal prerequisite for all such measures.
What deserves greater scrutiny, he said, is whether historical revisionism, constitutional revision and military expansion are increasingly reinforcing one another.
"The issue surrounding the notorious Yasukuni Shrine is not simply one of mourning," Song said. "When political forces refuse to squarely confront the history of aggression while simultaneously seeking greater military capabilities and fewer postwar restraints, neighboring countries have every reason to remain vigilant."
。    登录新浪财经APP 搜索【信披】查看更多考评等级　　8月21日，国家金融监督管理总局披露的行政处罚信息公示列表里，渤海银行因“相关贷款、票据、理财业务不审慎等”被罚5015万元，渤银理财因“投资运作不规范、信息披露不准确等”被罚1230万元。

二 | 两张罚单合计6245万元，佟志慧、陆耀石、丁枭、杨宁、祁楠五名责任人被警告并罚款共计33万元。　　对一家总资产刚突破2万亿元的全国性股份制银行而言，这张罚单的分量不在金额，而在它出现的位置：距渤海银行原首席风险管理官赵志宏因受贿罪获刑十年，不足一年。　　6245万重罚背后，风控防线失守　　渤海银行的违规事由涵盖贷款、票据、理财三大业务条线，监管部门明确指出其存在“相关贷款、票据、理财业务不审慎等”行为；渤银理财是“投资运作不规范、信息披露不准确”。

三 | 一字之差，定性不同。　　在行政处罚的表述体系里，“不规范”通常指向个别环节的瑕疵，“不审慎”则意味着整条业务流程在合规层面出了系统性偏差。贷款不审慎，指向贷前调查、贷后管理这些基础动作没有落地；票据不审慎，通常对应贸易背景核查、滚动承兑一类问题；理财不审慎，说明表内表外的资金流向没有被真正管住。　　贷款、票据、理财，恰好构成银行核心业务链的全部。监管用“不审慎”把三条线一次性点了名，这不是针对某个分支机构、某个产品的局部处罚，而是一次从表内信贷延伸到表外资管业务的整体定性。　　2026年3月，《理财公司监管评级暂行办法》实施，其中资管能力与风险管理各占25%的权重，信息披露占15%。渤银理财此次被罚的“投资运作”与“信息披露”两条，恰好落在评级体系的核心模块上。换言之，这是理财子公司监管评级新规落地后，首批具有标杆意义的处罚。监管在通过个案明确：理财子公司的投资运作与信披违规，将从母行层面独立追责，并直接计入评级。　　渤银理财是渤海银行全资子公司，也是天津唯一一家银行理财子公司，2023年2月才正式展业。一家开业刚满三年的理财子公司，在评级新规落地半年内就因投资运作、信披两项核心问题被罚，对母行的转型叙事构成了直接的压力。　　风控一把手的六年贪腐　　渤海银行成立于2005年12月，由天津泰达、渣打银行（香港）、中国远洋运输（集团）、国家开发投资公司、宝钢集团等7家股东发起设立。截至2025年末，其分支机构已进驻全国65个重点城市及特别行政区。　　2020年7月，渤海银行登陆港交所，发行价4.80港元，募资约134.7亿港元，成为2020年港股最大银行IPO。彼时，该行零售贷款年末总额同比增长32.97%，零售存款余额大增95.49%，突破千亿大关。普惠金融贷款余额也实现了195.35%的增长。

四 | 　　在规模扩张的同时，渤海银行风险防线出现了裂痕。　　2025年9月27日，天津市监察委员会网站通报：渤海银行股份有限公司原执行董事、副行长、首席风险管理官赵志宏2017年至2023年，在春节等节点多次违规收受下属、客户所送礼金和高档烟酒，另存在其他严重违纪违法问题，被开除党籍、解除劳动关系，因受贿罪被判处有期徒刑十年。　　赵志宏2015年9月加入渤海银行，此前他在建设银行信贷管理、风险管理条线工作了28年。

五 | 2020年11月，他升任副行长，并长期兼任首席风险管理官，一家银行风险防线的最高负责人。　　2024年7月19日，渤海银行公告，赵志宏“职业经理人聘期届满，因年龄原因”辞去执行董事、副行长、首席风险管理官等全部职务。

六 | 公告措辞体面，董事会对其贡献“表示衷心感谢”。同日辞任的，还有监事长王春峰、副行长靳超。　　赵志宏贪腐的2017—2023年，渤海银行消费贷规模从88亿元一路扩张至2023年末的759亿元，三年增长近十倍，个人消费贷不良率随之攀升至12.37%的高位。

七 | 风险在风控最高负责人的任期内持续堆积，而这名负责人恰恰是这套防线最大的漏洞。

八 | 　　当风控最高负责人本身在贪腐，基层的考核冲动就失去了最上层的纠偏力量，违规从“个别现象”演化为“常态清单”。　　据理财周刊报道，2025年全年，渤海银行及其分支机构累计收到14张监管罚单，覆盖济南、长沙、合肥、武汉、太原、宁波、厦门等13家一级分行及下属网点，合计罚没金额超700万元。违规事项高度集中在信贷管理、授信审查、资产分类这些银行最基础的领域。　　进入2026年，节奏没有放缓。1月，南昌分行因违规发放贷款、贷款管理不到位被罚75万元；2月，武汉分行因流动资金贷款贷前调查和贷后管理不尽职被罚175万元；4月，深圳前海分行因贷款“三查”不尽职、资产分类不真实等被罚290万元，两名责任人分别被禁业10年和5年；5月，郑州分行因虚增业务规模、贷款资金被挪用等被罚350万元，违规事项达十余项；7月，总行因外汇业务违规被罚没近386万元。

九 | 　　这还不包括2021年银保监会时期，渤海银行就曾因理财、同业、房地产等领域34项违法违规，领过9720万元的罚单。　　罚单是“外伤”，资产质量是“内疾”　　截至2025年6月末，渤海银行不良贷款率1.81%，在12家全国性股份制银行中位居首位。这一指标已连续多年维持在1.75%以上，风险暴露呈长期性、顽固性。

十 | 　　问题最集中的是零售板块。2024年末，渤海银行个人消费贷不良率12.37%；2025年末，个人贷款整体不良率3.8%，远超公司贷款1.15%的水平。按2025年年报重编后的可比口径，零售业务2024年税前亏损17.50亿元，2025年亏损15.31亿元。为压降风险，渤海银行不得不把消费贷规模大幅收缩。　　资产质量恶化、合规反复失守，最终落在资本市场的定价上。截至2026年8月26日收盘，渤海银行股价报0.845港元，总市值150.09亿港元，市盈率仅2.28倍。该行2020年7月上市时发行价为4.80港元，以此计算，股价已较发行价下跌逾82%，较上市后历史高点跌去约九成，长期沦为“仙股”。

十一 | 　　2026年2月，中国人民银行公布系统重要性银行名单，21家入围，12家股份行中10家上榜，渤海银行与恒丰银行落选。　　换人容易，换机制难　　面对困局渤海银行并非没有动作。

十二 | 3月4日，该行公告称，董事会于当日审议通过了聘任屈宏志兼任该行首席合规官的议案，任期自即日起至其行长（职业经理人）任期届满之日止。

十三 | 　　屈宏志，1969年生，高级经济师，金融学硕士、管理学博士，在建设银行干了近三十年，从资产保全部总经理兼法律事务部总经理起步，一个专门处置坏账、管理法律合规的岗位。

十四 | 2019年底通过公开选聘加入渤海银行，2020年初出任行长，2024年8月获续聘三年。

十五 | 　　在他兼任首席合规官五个月后，6245万元的罚单落地。2026年以来，南昌、武汉、深圳前海、郑州等分行接连被罚，总行亦因外汇违规被罚没近386万元。　　问题不在缺人，在机制。当一个从坏账处置和法律合规起步的人，面对的是分支机构按月出现的违规记录时，个人的能力始终有边界。合规文化是否真正嵌入业务流程、覆盖基层网点、贯穿贷前贷中贷后，比换一个首席合规官更难，也更根本。　　截至发稿，渤海银行及渤银理财均未就此次罚单公开回应。责任编辑：曹睿潼。

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