一 | 8 月 26 日消息，斯坦福数字经济实验室于 8 月 12 日更新论文，依托薪资服务商 ADP 覆盖数百万美国劳动者的高频薪资数据，揭示生成式 AI 普及后劳动力市场的真实变化，报告提示，应届与初入职场的年轻人正承受 AI 带来的最直接冲击。研究报告指出从整体来看，并未发现全美范围大规模岗位被 AI 替代的证据，严重冲击了年轻人的“第一梯级”就业。 The IRS deleted a job listing seeking “new special agents” who are “willing to use deadly force, if necessary” from their website, following a fierce backlash on social media Wednesday–only to reupload it within a day with the offending portion removed.,The IRS has removed the line "Carry a firearm and be willing to use deadly force, if necessary" from their IRS Criminal Investigation Special Agent listing following the fiasco yesterday.Archived here: https://t.co/vBy6lB841RActive link: https://t.co/uvwbrAkIit pic.twitter.com/vNmcSXuD7w— Ford Fischer (@FordFischer) August 11, 2022,Per the now-updated page on the IRS website, “IRS Special Agents are considered the premier financial investigators for the Federal government.”,“Special Agents are duly sworn law enforcement officers who are trained to ‘follow the money,’” the listing says, warning that “no matter what the source, all income earned, both legal and illegal, has the potential of becoming involved in crimes which fall within the investigative jurisdiction of the IRS Criminal Investigation.”,The posting sparked a wave of condemnation from ordinary citizens and influential politicians alike, including Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX), who took to Twitter to express his opposition to the proposed new IRS jobs:,“HELL NO. Every Republican should pledge we WILL NOT FUND these 87k armed new IRS agents who will target the American people.”,HELL NO.Every Republican should pledge we WILL NOT FUND these 87k armed new IRS agents who will target the American people. https://t.co/BmKZVjVdNx— Ted Cruz (@tedcruz) August 10, 2022,Funding for the special agents in question is likely to be drawn from a huge budget boost the IRS anticipates, with Democrats in the House set to approve the so-called “Inflation Reduction Act.”,Along with around $430 billion the Biden administration says will address climate change and extend Affordable Care Act subsidies, the new spending bill promises to pump $80 billion into the IRS over the next ten years - more than doubling the size of the agency with over 87,000 new positions. According to the now-updated job listing, many of them will be armed; one of the “key requirements” is that applicants “be legally allowed to carry a firearm.”,The ad in question was first noticed by documentarian Ford Fischer, who pointed out in a subsequent post on Twitter that, by June, the criminal division of the IRS had spent more on ammunition in the previous three months than they typically spent in an entire year in the recent past.,Fischer told Sputnik News he finds it “fascinating” that “following the attention [he] brought to this job listing, the page went down for a while, and now with it back online, the ‘willingness to engage in deadly force' line has been removed.”,“The reality is that while perhaps finding some renewed relevance in today's news cycle about the IRS, this listing isn't particularly unusual,” Fischer notes. “The agency has been spending more than $600,000 annually on ammunition, which has been charted out for at least the past three administrations.”,“What's new is that while the left (to be clear, I mean real leftists - not Democrats) have been fairly adamant in their opposition to law enforcement at all levels, the Republicans seem to find opposition when the politics line up. For example, they currently are deeply critical of the FBI, and IRS.”,Opposition to the spending bill authorizing the IRS expansion has come almost entirely from the GOP. A recent analysis by House Republicans found that 60% of new audits expected to be unleashed by the doubling in IRS personnel will fall on those making $75,000 or less a year. But Democrats claim those making less than $400,000 will not be targeted by the new IRS agents.,The IRS reportedly did not respond to inquiries by Fox News or the National Review about its removal of the job posting.。该报告指出在软件开发和客服等高影响职业中，相比较受人工智能影响较小的领域，22-25 岁年轻人的就业率落后约 19%，而 2025 年差距仅为 13%。与之对比，同一岗位的资深从业者没有出现同等就业缺口，就业保持平稳甚至有所上升。该研究认为入门级员工更容易受到冲击的部分原因，在于这些岗位依赖大量“编码化知识”。编码化知识指能够通过教育、教材或书面流程传授的正式、标准化、文档化知识。这类知识通常有明确规则，人工智能更容易参与或替代相关工作。对于 22 至 25 岁的年轻人来说，可以通过人工智能“自动化”的职业，其入门级就业率正大幅下降。对于人工智能仅起到“辅助”作用的工作岗位，入门级就业形势则要复杂得多。与之相对，默会知识（Tacit Knowledge）主要通过实践、导师指导以及反复接触真实场景获得。
二 | 研究人员认为，人工智能在这类工作中更可能辅助经验丰富的员工，无法直接取代其经验判断。研究还显示，高等教育可以缓冲人工智能对就业的影响。
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